From Seattle writer and consultant Matt Rosenberg...

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Open Borders and Hispanic Gangs

July 20, 2004

Don't miss "The Immigrant Gang Plague" by Heather Mac Donald in the new issue of the fine quarterly City Journal. It includes deep field research and policy analysis, a trademark of Mac Donald's always-peerless work. City Journal - the great "fool-killer," as Tom Wolfe said - is essential reading. Some excerpts follow, but read the whole thing.

Hispanic youths, whether recent arrivals or birthright American citizens, are developing an underclass culture....Hispanic school dropout rates and teen birthrates are now the highest in the nation. Gang crime is exploding nationally—rising 50 percent from 1999 to 2002—driven by the march of Hispanic immigration east and north across the country. Most worrisome, underclass indicators like crime and single parenthood do not improve over successive generations of Hispanics—they worsen.

...gangs have become fully integrated into Hispanic youth culture; even children not in gangs emulate their attitudes, dress, and self-presentation. The result is a community in thrall. Non-affiliated children fear traveling into unknown neighborhoods and sometimes drop out of school for lack of protection. Adults are just as scared.

...Upward mobility to the suburbs doesn’t necessarily break the allure of gang culture. An immigration agent reports that in the middle-class suburbs of southwest Miami, second- and third-generation Hispanic youths are perpetrating home invasions, robberies, battery, drug sales, and rape.

....Open-borders apologists dismiss the Hispanic crime threat by observing that black crime rates are even higher. True, but irrelevant: the black population is not growing, whereas Hispanic immigration is reaching virtually every part of the country, sometimes radically changing local demographics. With a felony arrest rate up to triple that of whites, Hispanics can dramatically raise community crime levels.

..On the final component of underclass behavior—school failure—Hispanics are in a class by themselves. No other group drops out in greater numbers.

....The constant inflow of barely literate recent Mexican arrivals unquestionably brings down Hispanic education levels. But later American-born generations don’t brighten the picture much....Santa Ana police officer Mona Ruiz recounts a joke told by comedian George Lopez: “When a white person graduates, people say, ‘You did good.’ When a Mexican graduates, people say, ‘You think you’re better than us.’ ”

Mac Donald's conclusion:

Immigration optimists, ever ready to trumpet the benefits of today’s immigration wave, have refused to acknowledge its costs. Foremost among them are skyrocketing gang crime and an expanding underclass. Until the country figures out how to reduce these costs, maintaining the current open-borders regime is folly. We should enforce our immigration laws and select immigrants on skills and likely upward mobility, not success in sneaking across the border.

Posted by Matt Rosenberg at July 20, 2004 10:01 AM


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Comments:

I am categorically opposed to illegal immigration. I abhor it, period.

However, many "conservative" writers who discuss immigration, including MacDonald in this case, almost invariably blur the line between legal and illegal immigration. Her conclusion speaks for itself:

"Immigration optimists, ever ready to trumpet the benefits of today’s immigration wave, have refused to acknowledge its costs. Foremost among them are skyrocketing gang crime and an expanding underclass."

With a great majority of immigrant ethnic groups the benefits for the society at large vastly outweighs the costs. For example, a good portion of Asian-Americans are either first-generation immigrants or their recent progeny, yet the average income per person, education level, SAT scores and other measures of "success" for them is actually higher than those for Americans of European descent.

The problem is not immigration per se, but rather the propensity among certainly ethnic groups to refuse assimilation into "the American dream." Yet writers like MacDonald rarely, if ever, make the distinction.

It is my suspicion that they are, in general, anti-immigration, period, even if they pay occassional lip service to being "only against illegal immigration."

Posted by: James J. Na at July 20, 2004 01:02 PM

James, actually Mac Donald's City Journal article does talk about assimilation, to quite an extent. She even calls it the "million-dollar question." Here are some of those parts. I'd be interested in any further reaction you might have.

"Even Mexico’s former foreign minister, Jorge Castaneda, acknowledges the unprecedented character of Hispanic immigration. “Mexican immigration,” he wrote recently, “does have distinctive traits that do make [assimilation] difficult, if not impossible. This is . . . a matter of history.” That “history” holds that the U.S. robbed Mexico of its natural territory in the nineteenth century, as some Mexican immigrants never seem to forget. “It’s kind of scary,” says Santa Ana gang intervention officer Mona Ruiz. “I hear, ‘I was here first; this used to be Mexico. You stole it from us.’ ” Mexican-American Ruiz is herself called a “traitor” for becoming Americanized.

While proponents of the “reconquista” of “Alta California” (as Mexican nationalists call the lost territory) are a small minority of Hispanic immigrants, a much larger proportion hold on to their Hispanic identities. Few of the American-born students I spoke to in Southern California identified themselves as “American.” Many said they were “Mexican,” “Latino,” or “Mexican-American”—usages encouraged by the multicultural dogma in the schools, a far cry from the Americanization efforts of classrooms a century ago.

....As the limited education of Mexican-Americans depresses their wages, their sense of being stuck in an economic backwater breeds resentment. “The second generation becomes angry with America, as they see their fathers faltering,” observes Cesar Barrios, an outreach worker for the Tepeyac Association, a social services agency for Mexicans in New York City. This resentment only increases the lure of underclass culture, with its rebellious rejection of conventional norms, according to Barrios. For this reason, he says, many young Mexicans “prefer to imitate blacks than white people.”

The Spanish-language media, which reaches two-thirds of all Hispanics, reinforces the sense of grievance. Stories about America’s cruelties to immigrants and the country’s shocking failure to legalize illegal aliens dominate news coverage. A billboard for Los Angeles’s Spanish newspaper La Opinión conveys the usual tone: “Justice,” “Abuse,” “Deportation,” and other hot-button topics blare out in massive lettering.

...Without prompting, Ruiz brings up the million-dollar question: “I don’t see assimilation,” he says. “They want to hold on [to Hispanic culture].” Ruiz thinks that today’s Mexican immigrant is a “totally different kind of person” from the past. Some come with a chip on their shoulder toward the United States, he says, which they blame for the political and economic failure of their home countries. Rather than aggressively seizing the opportunities available to them, especially in education, they have learned to play the victim card, he thinks. Ruiz advocates a much more aggressive approach. “We need to explain, ‘We’ll help you assimilate up to a certain point, but then you have to take advantage of what’s here.’ ”

Ruiz’s observations will strike anyone who has hired eager Mexican and Central American workers as incredible. I pressed him repeatedly, insisting that Americans see Mexican immigrants as cheerful and hardworking, but he was adamant. “We’re creating an underclass,” he maintained."

Posted by: Matt R. at July 20, 2004 01:25 PM

Matt, it is a valid point that the rate of assimilation among Hispanic immigrant groups is relatively low. I do not dispute that fact.

What I have trouble with those like MacDonald is that they then extrapolate this fact about a very particular immigrant group into a general statement about ALL immigrants just as her own conclusion states.

Samuel Huntington, of "The Clash of Civilizations" Fame, makes an articulate case for why Hispanic immigration is unique (read here: http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=2495). He brings up some unique legitimate concerns about Hispanic immigration. But he is, to some extent, optimistic that assimilation will occur even with Hispanics.

Francis Fukuyama, of "The End of History" fame, makes a reasoned rebuttal to Huntington regarding special concerns over Hispanic immigration (see here: http://slate.msn.com/id/2101756/).

I do not exclusively concur with either view: I think there are important points in both arguments. What I note, however, is that neither extrapolates the "problems" of Hispanic immigration in order to develop arguments against legal immigration as a whole, a distinction that, in my view, MacDonald does not make clearly.

Posted by: James J. Na at July 20, 2004 03:40 PM

my father made me immagrate by throwing me in the river and telling me to swim to the other side. Mind you i was 5 years old

Posted by: andy the mexican at March 10, 2005 10:02 AM

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